I found a beauty. Actually embarrassed I have not seen this earlier.
I was looking a V3 problem Management Graph and noticed that one of the inputs comes from proactive problem management which would indicate the proactive problem management is outside actual problem management. I tried to find more details and this is the result.
The SO book describes Proactive Problem Management (4.4.5, see also 4.4.7):
Proactive Problem Management which is initiated in Service Operation, but generally driven as part of Continual Service Improvement(see this publication for fuller details).